As a minimally invasive tumor treatment method, microwave ablation has developed rapidly in recent years at home and abroad. It has the characteristics of small trauma, high efficiency, complete local tumor inactivation, and few complications. Especially for tumors with a diameter of less than 5 cm, most of them can achieve a one-time inactivation effect and have good long-term efficacy.
Microwave ablation
Can cause tumor necrosis
The microwave ablation therapy instrument needed for microwave ablation is a newly emerging minimally invasive treatment equipment. During the operation, under the guidance of ultrasound, it percutaneously punctured and placed the microwave ablation needle into the center of the tumor. A 1 mm-sized “micro microwave oven” was quickly generated around the tip of the microwave needle. The microwave magnetic field released by it can make the surrounding Molecules rotate and move at high speed and friction heats up, thereby causing non-coagulable necrosis of tissue in the ablation zone to achieve the purpose of treatment.
70% of the body’s composition is water, so most of the tumor’s components are also water. Water molecules are unstable molecules. Under the action of the microwave magnetic field, the water molecules will rotate in one direction. Then, the microwave needle quickly rotates the direction of the electric field 180 degrees to cause friction between the water molecules and friction to generate heat, which gradually heats up the tumor. Tumors are very sensitive to temperature. Malignant tumors begin to necrotize extensively at temperatures greater than 42°C. When the temperature exceeds 60°C for a certain period of time, all tumors within the ablation range will be necrotic. The thermal effect of microwave ablation needle in the treatment can exceed 100℃, which can achieve the purpose of complete treatment.
Short course of treatment
During the operation, the patient needs to start fasting about 8 hours before the operation, enter the operating room on the day of the operation, and after completing the general or local anesthesia operation, place the microwave ablation needle (single or multiple, depending on the size of the tumor) in B Insert into the mass under the guidance of ultrasound or CT. Connect the microwave ablation therapy instrument, microwave cable, and microwave ablation needle, and start the microwave transmission to heat. The output power and heating time depend on the size and location of the mass, generally 50 to 100 watts, and a heating point of about 10 minutes. If the mass is too large or too much, it can be heated more, or it can be operated in stages.
After the operation was completed, the ablation needle was pulled out, a dressing was put on the eye of the needle, and the abdominal bandage was used for bandaging. The patient could return to the ward after the anesthesia subsided. Patients usually walk down the ground the next day, and most patients can be discharged from the hospital.
Many advantages
1. Microwave ablation wound is only the size of the needle eye. In terms of trauma, microwaves turn large incisions into incisions that are only the size of the tip of the needle, but with a pinhole, the trauma is much smaller.
2. Microwave ablation can help to see the tumor clearly through the belly with the help of ultrasound and CT imaging technology, which is more accurate than surgical touch. The location, size, and blood flow of the lesion are clearly displayed, and normal tissues and important blood vessels, organs, and nerves can be avoided during surgery. The patient is less distressed and the postoperative complication rate is below 1%.
3. In terms of cost, compared with the cost of surgical removal of liver cancer of the same size for liver and gallbladder surgery, patients undergoing microwave ablation have a shorter hospital stay and can save costs by 30% to 40%. In addition, many patients with liver cancer have difficulty in surgical removal due to the location of the lesion “not good growth”, or the left and right livers have lesions, and both livers cannot be removed at the same time. At this time, tumor microwave ablation can be used for multiple and repeated treatments, which brings hope to patients on the verge of despair.
4. For patients with metal stents and pacemakers in the body, microwave ablation treatment is not contraindicated. Microwave ablation combined with transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization is expected to have a better effect on larger tumors, especially the massive type.
Used in early liver cancer
With the rapid development of imaging technology, as a minimally invasive treatment method for tumors, ablation has developed rapidly at home and abroad in recent years, and has become one of the common methods of tumor treatment. Commonly used local ablation techniques are microwave ablation, radio frequency ablation, laser ablation, cryoablation, chemical ablation and ultrasound ablation. Among them, microwave ablation technology has more advantages.
Microwave ablation is more mature for early liver cancer, and it has the same radical effect as small surgery for small liver cancer. It is also used in the treatment of solid tumors in the kidney, prostate, adrenal gland, thyroid, breast, bone and other parts.
However, ablation is mainly suitable for early tumors, and it is appropriate to have tumor lesions within 3. Use the Model 2450 Microwave Ablation Therapy Apparatus to treat the largest lesion not exceeding 5 cm, and the Model 915 Microwave Ablation Therapy Apparatus to treat the largest lesion not exceeding 8 cm, and the tumor should not have distant metastasis. If the diagnosis of the tumor is already advanced, the ablation technique will have little effect.
Necrotic nodules after ablation
No effect on patients
Ablation therapy can completely stop the blood supply of the lesion, and can also directly thermally degrade the cells in the nodules, causing coagulative necrosis and forming nodules. However, the nodule after treatment is no longer a lesion, but a necrotic ablation zone that has been solidified. After ablation, the ablation zone naturally enters a period of damage repair, that is, the patient’s immune phagocytosis system actively carries out immune recognition, immune attack and immune phagocytosis of the ablation zone. In this process, various lymphocytes and lymphokines produced by lymph nodes are immune The main force. Therefore, it is theoretically and clinically important to emphasize not to clear normal lymph nodes easily.
Over time, the solidified and necrotic tissue in the ablation zone is continuously swallowed and cleared, and the ablation zone will slowly shrink. There are obvious individual differences in this process, varying in speed. This difference is affected by the size of the original lesion and the state of the patient’s immune function. Most nodules will disappear, and the ablation and necrosis areas of individual patients are relatively slow to absorb, which will exist for several years, but will not bring any adverse effects to the patients.