Malaysia: The beauty and sorrow of “Baina Quilt”

　　Malaysia is a society composed of diverse ethnic groups, including Malays, Chinese, Indians, and many “other ethnic groups”.
　　Malays are the largest ethnic group in Malaysia, accounting for more than 50% of the total population. Their ancestors were originally members of the royal family of Sumatra’s Living Kingdom. Since the 14th century, due to the occupation of the motherland by foreigners, Srivi’s deceased prince Perimisura fled from Palembang, Indonesia to the Malay Peninsula. Representatives of foreign nobles who took root in Malaysia.
　　Ethnic Chinese are Malaysia’s second largest ethnic group, accounting for about 25% of the total population. Most of them are descendants of Qing immigrants and are known for their hard work and business acumen. Malaysian Indians are the smallest of the three ethnic groups, accounting for about 10% of the total population. Most of them are descendants of Tamil-speaking South Indian immigrants. When Malaysia and India were both British colonies, they were called by the British government to come to Malaysia to become rubber harvesters.
　　In addition to the three ethnic groups occupying the largest population, Malaysia also has a group of awkward ethnic groups. They are the first aborigines to live in the eastern and western peninsulas of Malaysia. Due to the disadvantages of population and economic status, they are often ignored.
　　In East Malaysia, where Sabah and Sarawak are located, the aborigines of Borneo’s Austronesian people account for most of the ethnic group, including Kadashan Dushun, Bayao, Maolu, Iban, and Bidayu And Ulu. The Malay Peninsula (Western Malaysia), where Kuala Lumpur is located, also has an aboriginal population of about 180,000, accounting for about 0.5% of the total population. The aborigines of the peninsula are divided into three categories: Negrito, Xeno and Proto-Malay.
　　The various ethnic groups living in Malaysia, like a quilt, interweave the beauty of this land with different skin colors, cultures, beliefs, and languages. But under such a complicated background, where the diverse ethnic groups coexist in Malaysia, can its people coexist peacefully?

On June 21, 2016, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, an Indian yoga enthusiast participated in the International Yoga Day

Tunku Abdul Rahman

　　The status of many Indians in Malaysia is getting lower and lower.
“Fixed”

　　From 1826 to 1957, during the British rule of Malaysia, the British government adopted a policy of ethnic differentiation. In addition to separating the areas of residence of each ethnic group, it also distinguished the fields of education and occupation of each ethnic group.
　　In the society at that time, most Malays lived near rice fields because they were engaged in farming; the Chinese people engaged in mining and trades gathered in the outskirts of the mines; and the garden hills became Indian workers who cut rubber. Place of residence.
　　Such a policy of ethnic division has strengthened the original state of differences between ethnic groups and created confrontation with each other in order to achieve the purpose of dividing the people in the colonies.
　　On August 31, 1957, under the leadership of the founding father Tunku Abdul Rahman, the Malay Peninsula officially separated from the British colonization and became an independent country. On September 16, 1963, East Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak announced their accession to Peninsular Malaysia, and now Malaysia was born.
　　The Malaysian Constitution clearly stipulates that the Malays and the aboriginals of East Malaysia are recognized as “sons of the land” (Bumiputra, also translated as “indigenous” in Malaysia), so they enjoy certain privileges in politics, economy, and education. The constitution also specifically added a “Quota” clause, that is, a system in which quotas are implemented in specific areas in proportion to ethnic groups.

On January 27, 2017, on the island of Kedan, Malaysia, Malaysian Chinese lit fireworks to celebrate the New Year

　　Although the constitution stipulates that the ethnic groups that can enjoy privileges are Malays and aboriginals, only the aboriginals of East Malaysia who are considered “sons of the land” can enjoy the benefits of the quota system. The aboriginal people living with Malays in West Malaysia cannot be classified as “indigenous” because they may threaten the status of the “land owner” of the Malay ethnic group. They can only retain the title of “indigenous people”. Even the benefits and privileges were also taken away.
　　Specifically, quotas involve four areas: reserved places, quotas for public service organizations, quotas for permits and business licenses, quotas for scholarships and education.

　　Aboriginals also have strong and weak classifications, forming a unique ladder of ethnic groups exclusive to Malaysia.

　　In terms of reserved land, Malays will receive a 5% to 15% rebate when buying a house, so poor Malays can also buy land and houses at low prices. However, it should be noted that their title deeds will be marked as “Malay reserved land”, which means that when this kind of house wants to change hands in the future, it can only be resold to other Malays; if the Malay reserved land is sold For other ethnic groups, then this transaction is illegal.
　　In terms of employment and business, the Malaysian government also strictly stipulates that companies must retain at least 30% of the shares and job opportunities for Malays. The “Industry Adjustment Law” clearly states that non-Malay enterprises with 25 employees and a capital of 250,000 ringgit or more must leave 30% of the equity to the Malays and 30% of the products to the Malays when obtaining a license. Agency sales; land development, oil and natural gas extraction and refining, etc., are given priority to Malays; otherwise, the applicant will not be able to obtain a license, and the employees employed by the company should be Malays accounting for 50%.
Economic gap

　　When people of all ethnic groups are admitted to civil servants and enter universities, the admission list is not entirely based on the candidates’ scores, but on the basis of “indigenous first” and then based on their scores. The quota system has resulted in Malays having a great advantage when admitting freshmen to universities, and it has also made it difficult for some outstanding talents from other ethnic groups to enter Malaysian public universities.